A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Essay Example

A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Essay Example A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Paper A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Paper ‘A Room with a View’ †Close printed Analysis p. 105-107 Throughout the entire of the novel the topic of light and dim is continually reoccurring and is straightforwardly present inside this concentrate: ‘thinking of the elderly person who had empowered her to see the lights moving in the Arno’, this illustration gives the peruser a knowledge to how Lucy is frantic for the opportunity of her own freedom which the lights plainly represent. The entry starts with ‘‘The Curtains separated. ’’ This gives the peruser an impression of a dramatic passageway, to then acquaint Cecil shows up with the peruser as to some degree a mistake; ‘‘Cecil’s first development was one of aggravation. ’’ It is representative as this thought of separating the drapes attracts on the consistent differentiating subject of Lucy’s battle with limitation and her will for opportunity. As the window ornaments part Lucy is being presented to a greater amount of the opportunity she is so edgy to pick up. Cecil’s activity ‘‘of irritation’’ isn't in connection with the past pictures of autonomy and freedom. ‘Irritation’ infers to the peruser that Cecil isn't happy practically unbalanced in his present circumstance and acting cantankerous, which shows quickly to the peruser how inverse Lucy and Cecil are for each other and how sick fitting a marriage between them would be. The possibility of Cecil ‘‘parting the curtains’’ along these lines gets unexpected as his own activities partner him with murkiness as opposed to with the light that we as the peruser connect Lucy to. Already in the novel there are different references to windows in a comparative setting; ‘Come away from the window, dear’, Showing Miss Bartlett’s concern and restriction of Lucy getting presented to the opportu nity she wants. The following section begins ‘Light entered. ’ demonstrating quickly another inspirational standpoint. Giving a wonderful, rich portrayal of a ‘terrace, with trees each side of it, and on it a little natural seat and two bloom beds†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Forster hushes you into a misguided feeling of confidence, ‘Lucy, who was in the little seat, appeared on the edge of a green enchantment cover which hovered†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This helps the peruser to remember Lucy’s immaculateness and guiltlessness utilizing the fantasy imagery ‘‘of a green enchantment carpet’’. The entire representation of Lucy is shrewdly built delineating the possibility of Lucy ‘hovering’ and ‘on the edge’ as to give her somewhere between her very own disclosure and the iddle class society that is so frantic to hold stepping her back in. Conversely the peruser finds that all through the novel at whatever point Cecil shows up dreams disintegrate and the truth is restored; ‘†¦hovered noticeable all around over the tremulous world. Cecil entered . ’ All creative mind is lost. All the excellence and style of the section is wrecked by this straightforward, obtuse proclamation. Again you see Cecil is depicted from a negative perspective, held, intense somehow or another treated, excessively regular, the direct inverse of what Lucy needs causing the possibility of a commitment between them to appear to be incomprehensible. Indeed, even a straightforward grasp is a strenuous errand for him, he feels constrained to follow show and shows a total absence of immediacy and energy; ‘Up to now I have never kissed you†¦Then I ask you †may I now? ’ Although in an alternate setting, Cecil is as yet proficient with little exertion to destroy a totally sentimental second. Forster shows Cecil’s conviction of his own affectedness plainly with his presentation alongside his high situation inside society in the novel, ‘Cecil should without a moment's delay be portrayed. Contrasting Cecil with a ‘Gothic statue’ gives an impression of intensity however a chilly outside. His character is a finished logical inconsistency to that of Lucy’s. ‘He was medieval’, yet she is making a decent attempt to advance forward in time. ‘Medieval’ recommends that he is welded to convention and extremely traditionalist which would hold her back, getting Lucy f ar from her ‘view’. As the depiction of Cecil proceeds with he turns out to be increasingly bombastic, ‘And a head that was inclined somewhat higher than the standard degree of vision’, makes a picture that Cecil ascertains his self-esteem to be a lot higher than most. Cecil’s character is not at all like that of George. He is portrayed as free-suspecting, ‘He ventured rapidly forward and kissed her’, lenient and ready to admit to his human failings; ‘I almost swooned myself’, This delineates to the peruser that George Emerson is plainly a superior decision for Lucy in contrast with Cecil who might just keep Lucy from the opportunity she is so frantically needing. The unending medieval allegorical portrayals of Cecil become an oddity against the picture of the renaissance. Looking at the pictures of ‘the gothic sculpture which suggests celibacy’ and ‘the Greek sculpture which infers fruition’ is a shrouded method of differentiating Cecil and George Emerson. ‘The end of the middles ages’, Forster cunningly utilizes verifiable symbolism to give a feeling of how society pushes ahead. Inside Lucy’s current society she has proceeded onward from medieval convention as portrayed by Cecil’s cliché white collar class character. Lucy’s group of friends couldn't make a better decision than Cecil as he fits the conjugal perfect, however Lucy isn't society and to the peruser the main worthy decision for her is George Emerson. Mrs Honeychurch enters the scene seeming volatile and appearing to over-act her advantage, ‘Oh Cecil, Oh Cecil, do tell me’. This doesn't appear to be ordinary of Mrs Honeychurch’s general lead; she has recently run over contrastingly routinely censuring her child Freddy; ‘Why shouldn’t my authorization be inquired? What do you think about Lucy or young ladies or anything? ’ However with Cecil she totally lets her gatekeeper down in light of the fact that she is attempting so frantically to cause him to feel ‘as one of the family’. This is unexpected as she doesn't treat her own child thusly. She appears to be truly excited by the possibility of her solitary little girl wedding a man of such exclusive requirement inside society. Love and sentiment was excluded from the possibility of a decent marriage, cash and status were the key components. Any conceivable sentiment that may have been related with the possibility of Cecil’s and Lucy’s commitment vanishes when Cecil answers, ‘She has acknowledged me’. His answer is totally monosyllabic and he doesn't remotely appear to be thrilled by her acknowledgment, possibly somewhat content yet that’s all the feeling you can discover in his reaction. Cecil consistently addresses or poses inquiries in a comparable tone, similar to the arranged kiss among him and Lucy where he asks ‘then I ask you †may I now? ’ Where in the two circumstances the experiences appears to be clumsy which are strengthened by his activities, ‘shifting his eyes to the ceiling’, clearly awkward with the circumstance. Cecil is a position figure yet this isn't the way you would anticipate that him should be with his life partner. He acts causally in contrast with what individuals generalization the enouncement of a commitment to be, ‘‘I state Lucy! Called Cecil, for discussion appeared to hail. ’’ This is exceptionally unexpected that Lucy is not really associated with this scene yet it’s her commitment that’s being enounced something that will charge an incredible example totally yet she is totally uninvolved. He orders Lucy not asks her, ‘Would you bring them into the nursery and inform Mrs Honeychurch all concerning it? His tone runs over belittling and not conscious by any means. Cecil goes about as if he is excusing a kid as opposed to asking his life partner an inquiry. ‘I will have our kids instructed simply like Lucy. Bring them up among fair nation people, send them to Italy for nuance, and afterward †not till then †let them come to London. ’ His disparaging tone is steady, he talks as though she isn't in the room and just as she no privilege to her very own assessment, even on such a significant issue as her youngsters. ‘As if taking orders’, Forster makes this understood demonstrating his control complex to be undesirable it isn't free or freeing. In spite of the fact that Lucy’s life would be diverse in union with Cecil, as a general rule it would just be another sort of walled in area. The last line of the section ‘They went into the sunlight’ reconnects light. Making the picture of light falling when Lucy is separated from Cecil, shows how Cecil will just add to the darker pieces of her life and won't add to Lucy’s self revelation and freedom. This further features the bungle between the two individuals. It unmistakably complements the reasons regarding why she ought not wed a man with these attributes. These flaws in a man would be simply the reason for her own demolition and individual ruin.

Improvement of Data Processing Operation

Question: Examine about theImprovement of Data Processing Operation of GrandWine Ltd. Answer: Swot Analysis Qualities 1. The association has faithful client base and committed gathering of salesmen. 2. The organization as of now has focal database for putting away the information. 3. The organization can share request related information with every one of its stores simultaneously 4. The postponement in the preparing of information will be diminished by furnishing the representatives with the remote gadget. 5. Each store in NSW area arranges with one another for finishing the client orders. Shortcoming 1. The pace of information preparing is moderate. 2. Consumer loyalty is low for the organization. 3. No information about the stock levels at the central command prompts the predated orders. 4. Manual information handling prompts an inappropriate information section to the database prompting more deferral all the while. 5. Disarray between the delegates and the clients because of an inappropriate request subtleties. Opportunity 1. Utilizing the remote gadgets the agents will gather more clients with exactness. 2. Speed and precision in handling and conveyance of the requests. 3. Improved request handling rate and consumer loyalty. 4. Simple following of the supply of Wine at headquarter and stores. 5. Better effectiveness of the agents in finishing the requesting procedure. Dangers 1. Absence of speed and precision in the handling and conveying the requests will prompt loss of customers. 2. Additional measure of venture for overseeing new arrangement of remote gadgets. 3. Speed of web will influence on the handling of request information. 4. Opposition against the adjustment in the preparing of the request by the delegates. 5. As the entire procedure is reliant on the web then the organization may experience the ill effects of information robberies by means of digital assaults prompting misfortune in business. Task Charter Date: 12/22/2016 Venture Title: Automation of request handling activity of GrandWine Ltd. Venture Start Date: 10 Jan 2017 Venture End Date: 10 Jun 2017 Spending Information: $ 60,000.00 Venture Manager: [Please fill your name], [Please fill your mail id], [Please fill your contact no] Venture Objectives: The venture is acted so as to decrease the timespan and cost for the preparing of the request information of the clients. The venture will prepare the delegates of GrandWine with remote gadgets and train them to productively utilize it in information assortment process (Azhar Ahmad, 2014). Toward the finish of the venture, GrandWine will have the option to process the request subtleties quicker than the manual procedure. This venture will assist the organization with achieving a higher pace of consumer loyalty. Acknowledgment Criteria The venture must be finished in the due date dictated by the executive and undertaking supervisor for this task. All the prerequisites of various partners of this venture are met after the finishing of the undertaking. After the culmination of this ICT venture, the agents must have the option to send and gather Client request information to the focal database of GrandWine. The pace of handling the request related information must increment by half when the workers are outfitted with remote information section gadget. Presumptions In this task it is expected that, the opposition against the change from the agents in the association will be appropriately tended to by the top administration of GrandWine. The information gathered and sent through the remote gadgets will be transmitted in made sure about way (Like utilizing encryption method while transmitting the information). Imperatives The ideal execution from the remote gadgets will be acknowledged just when GrandWine gets fast web availability for every one of its stores in NSW district which requests a lot of speculation (Galbraith McAdam, 2013). In this manner, the accessibility of the rapid web association will go about as the imperative in understanding the ideal outcome from this venture. StakeholderList Partner No Name and Signature Job and Responsibility Position Contact Information 1 [Please Fill] Leading overview in the market to get the quality gadgets with least cost. Specialized Specialist. [Please Fill] 2 [Please Fill] To designate exercises to the colleagues and planning of the exercises. Undertaking administrator [Please Fill] 3 [Please Fill] To screen and track the advancement of the entire undertaking. Chief of GrandWine Ltd [Please Fill] 4 [Please Fill] Answerable for recording business necessities of GrandWine that will be accomplished by this venture. Business Analyst [Please Fill] 5 [Please Fill] Answerable for assignment of budgetary assets for this undertaking. Support [Please Fill] 6 [Please Fill] To give preparing system to delegates with the goal that they will have the option to send and get information from information base. Coach [Please Fill] Exercises Learned Because of this task there will be an adjustment in the working method of the salespeople (Azhar Ahmad, 2014). Thusly it is conceivable that there will be some opposition from the side of the delegates which must be tended to by persuading them in a legitimate way to utilize the gadgets. Like every single other task it is negligent that the venture will be influenced by certain dangers subsequently it is imperative to have a hazard the executives plan. Sanction Signoff Name Sign with date Chief of GrandWine [Please Fill] Undertaking administrator [Please Fill] Support [Please Fill] Business expert [Please Fill] Coach [Please Fill] Specialized expert [Please Fill] Correspondence Plan Template Plan reason For this undertaking it is essential to meet the interests of the considerable number of partners engaged with this venture. It will help GrandWine and the undertaking group to accomplish the venture targets, upgrade the viability of the information handling process and to convey the quantifiable results after the fruition of this task (Bhm Motschnig-Pitrik, 2015). Change the board This undertaking will acquire a change the business procedure of GrandWine Ltd. This change will likewise have sway on the agent and their method of working. Along these lines it is significant for the administrators and top level troughs to cause them to comprehend the advantages of utilizing remote gadgets in the information passage activity (Azhar Ahmad, 2014). This is likewise critical to effectively finish the extend and get the ideal result/result after the fulfillment of this task. Meeting motivation Being another task in the association and to meet the desires for all the partners of the venture it is essential to organize meeting and speak with one another about the desires from the undertaking (Galbraith McAdam, 2013). Besides, it is likewise imperative to illuminate the venture director and CEO of GrandWine about the advancement in the task in the gatherings. Partner Data to be shared Recurrence of data trade Area of data trade Motivation behind correspondence Component for correspondence Who What When Where Why How Chief of GrandWine The status report about the undertaking. Month to month Gatherings To follow the advancement of report. Gatherings. Venture administrator About the finished exercises and remaining exercises. Week after week Group gatherings Overseeing and utilizing the accessible HR in an ideal manner to finish the task. Gatherings Support About the necessary money related assets for the various exercises. At whatever point required Regulatory office. To get the money related assets essential to finish certain exercises. Sends Coach About the preparation plan for the agents of GrandWine Ltd. month to month Preparing workshops. So as to appropriately prepare the agent to utilize the gadgets proficiently. Gatherings, workshops Specialized master About executing and dealing with the gadgets required to finish the undertaking. Week after week or at whatever point required IT chairman office To obtain and give the gadgets to the representatives. Sends, One to one gatherings References Azhar, S., Ahmad, I. (2014). Prologue to the uncommon issue on data and correspondence innovation (ICT) in AEC associations: evaluation of effect on work rehearses, venture conveyance, and authoritative behavior.Journal of Management in Engineering,31(1), A2014001. Bhm, C., Motschnig-Pitrik, R. (2015). New Research Perspectives on Managing Diversity in International ICT Project Teams. InSystemic Flexibility and Business Agility(pp. 21-31). Springer India. Cicmil, S., Williams, T., Thomas, J., Hodgson, D. (2006). Reconsidering venture the board: looking into the fact of projects.International Journal of Project Management,24(8), 675-686. Galbraith, B., McAdam, R. (2013). The intermingling of ICT, strategy, middle people and society for innovation move: proof from European advancement projects.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,25(3), 249-252. Marnewick, C. (2012, October). A longitudinal examination of ICT venture achievement. InProceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference(pp. 326-334). ACM. Nawi, H. S. A., Rahman, A. An., Ibrahim, O. (2012). Government ICT venture disappointment factors: venture partners views.Journal of Research and Innovation in Information System,2, 69-77.

Intercultural Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural Relations - Essay Example In any case, pundits accept something else. Highlighting its â€Å"anarchic and serious character† (Cox 2), they rather observe globalization â€Å"an exploitative phenomenon† (Prempeh 586) that â€Å"has regularly propagated destitution, enlarged material imbalances, expanded environmental debasement, supported militarism, divided networks, minimized subjected gatherings, took care of narrow mindedness and developed emergencies of democracy† (Scholte 53). These unfavorable impacts of globalization as embodied in the accompanying terms: â€Å"disempowerment, minimization, rejection and inequality† (Prempeh 596) develop and support racial separation, particularly so that verifiably prejudice has been a successful apparatus in excusing and concealing abuse (Shah, segment 1, standard. 2; Sivanandan, standard. 1) for the incredible. Globalization advocates gladly guarantee globalization has leveled the playing field for all countries and races in practically all circles of life; along these lines, it has risen above country expresses; that today we are more than our nationality yet residents of the world †we are a cosmopolitan †a multi-social world liberated from national preferences. With this blushing picture being painted about globalization, this world could have been a superior and more secure spot to live in. In any case, at that point, for what reason do we have monster things, for example, ethnic pressures/wars (â€Å"Greek Albanians† BBC News), racial profiling (Monbiot, standard. 2), racial violations like racial shelling (â€Å"Racist bomb† BBC News) and race riots (â€Å"Spain Struggles† BBC News), and war on fear mongering (Bidwai, standard. 18-19)? With these inauspicious pictures the world over, hostile to globalization powers see globalization only an apparatus of neo-liberal market powers to methodicallly misuse the economy of the world through â€Å"racism, sexism, xenophobia, and other oppressions† (Gorski 4). Whenever, anyplace and in any case, prejudice is malevolent. It is harming as it undermines individuals by

Systems Informations Analysis - 2077 Words

CATWOE, Root Cause, amp; Rich Picture Question 1. Management commitment and communications The management teams leadership and communication, specifically wit the IT department, resulted in helping the Columbus Project fail. Had senior management clearly communicated from the start that the project was a survival issue, the results may have born strong leadership and follow through with the IT Department. C While the topic is an internal based investigation, I still see the end user as the customers of the bank. The Columbus Project was supposed to be overseen by the managers to primarily make banking easier and more accessible for their customers. The service was to be upgraded to instant, seamless, and efficient, with over 100†¦show more content†¦Over the last decade information systems on the logistics side have increased dramatically, with even the US government getting on board. I am going to discuss the process of how these internal and external systems has increased the documentation for tracing the lot numbers, but also created challenges from a managerial and employee perspective. We first have to get the product from the manufacturer, which is in Brazil – so much for the organic credo of buying local and reducing your carbon footprint – to the main point of distribution in New Jersey, US. Now the current import team is a total of 2 people, one with an extensive background is customs regulation, and the other is an eager assistant fresh out of college looking for quick advancement within the company. We receive an electronic ASN file, or â€Å"advanced ship notice† from our supplier, this usually comes through our company extranet. Once we receive these docs, the clock starts. We have to set up bookings with our shipping lines through their website portals right away to secure spots on the vessels for our containers. Once we receive confirmation for the booking, we have to log onto the US Customs and Border Protection website and their Automated Manifest amp; Broker System to issue a 10+2 or â€Å"Importer Security Filing† within 48 hrs of the vessels departure. 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Contribution and Effect of Stakeholders on the International Business Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The stakeholder theory looks for methodically to undertake the query of which stakeholders be worthy of or do not deserve or necessitate management absorption in the course of assessment of associations among organizations and stakeholders carried out by trade transactions, legitimacy declarations, dependencies, or other claims (Sharplin et al, 1999). Through acknowledgment, assessment, and appraisal of stakeholders and stakeholder associations, organizations would be able to plot a course in a better way in the public and private intentional situations in which they carry out activities, and in doing so, explanation for the variety of associations, duties, and communication in their policy formulation and execution (Daake et al, 2000). Stakeholder theory is administrative in that it reproduces and expresses how directors perform actions relatively than mainly addressing organization economists and theorists. The focal point of stakeholder theory is expressed in two foundation quest ions initially it inquires, what is the most important purpose of the organization? This gives assurance to managers to communicate the communal wisdom of the worth they generate, and what carries its basis stakeholders in cooperation (Alkhafaji, 1989). We will write a custom essay sample on Contribution and Effect of Stakeholders on the International Business or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Descartes Claim Of The Universe - 1211 Words

Descartes’ claim of â€Å"I think, therefore I am†, is an attempt to establish a firm foundation for the understanding of the universe and explores the ideas of the self and what we can know to be real. However, there is one major flaw in this approach. That flaw is how we are to create this foundation when before it we had nothing and the paradoxes in the creating definitions of words. His goal is to better understand what he is in order to reestablish the foundations of his understanding of the world around him. This is a normal human behavior to explore the unknown or not well understood. Any explorer that sails the ocean in search of new land may know what land is but new land that was unknown to him/her is a satisfying development in the person s understanding of everything that is real. The modern practice of this behavior includes, but not limited to, an astronomer using space telescopes to look deep into space where light from an ancient universe is arriving at the Earth or an experimental physicist when smashing particles together in hopes to find new and smaller part that makes up the fundamental building blocks of the universe. Descartes hopes to apply his logical process to reveal the fundamental building blocks of the universe that humans can exist in. He also wants to create a fundamental understanding of the way to observe the universe that we can per ceive with the limited senses that we have. He uses this logical process in an attempt to create the foundations ofShow MoreRelatedDescartes Claim Of The Universe1216 Words   |  5 PagesHow Fix a Universe That is Nothing but Paradoxes Descartes’ claim of â€Å"I think, therefore I am†, is an attempt to establish a firm foundation for the understanding of the universe and explores the ideas of the self and what we can know to be real. However, there is one major flaw in this approach. That flaw is how we are to create this foundation when before it we had nothing and the paradoxes in the creating definitions of words. His goal is to better understand what he is in order to reestablishRead MoreDescartes, Descartes And Descartes918 Words   |  4 Pages In Descartes third Meditation, Descartes comes to the posteriori that he is a thing that thinks. According to Descartes all mental operations are thoughts. Some of which include; imagining, sensing, reasoning, hoping, and doubting. 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He deals with the effect of the idea of absolute perfection in our minds and rationalizes that the cause is God, therefore proving the existence of God. Descartes believes there are two types of reality:Read MoreSimilarities Between Galen, Paracelsus, Spinoza, And The Modern Medical World917 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 16 Assignment #2 16.3 - 16.6 VOCABULARY: Galen, Cavendish, Paracelsus, Vesalius, Descartes, Scientific Method, Bacon, Spinoza, Pascal 1. Galen. Galen was a physician of Greek descent and was well known for his influences on the medieval medical world. Galen mainly did experiments on animals rather than humans which caused his humanistic generations to be inaccurate. Galen was able to take color of a patient’s urine to be able to tell what was wrong with him/her. 2. Cavendish. Margaret CavendishRead MoreDescartes And Spinoza On Nature Of God1282 Words   |  6 Pages This is certainly the case when it comes to Descartes and Spinoza, who are both adamant that their views provide the correct context and insight on their opinions of God. In Readings in Modern Philosophy by Ariew and Watkins, it is revealed that while both philosophers tend to agree on opinions like God being infinite, there are many reasons why Descartes and Spinoza disagree on the nature of God and their opinion of substance, for example, Descartes believes that there is more than one type ofRead MorePhilosophy: Do We Have Innate Ideas? Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesDo we have innate ideas? Offer your view with reference to the work of Descartes and Locke I understand the concept of innate ideas alone means ideas that presents our mind at birth. Descartes and Locke both have their own views about innate ideas and their arguments are completely different to each other and the question remain to the human knowledge. Do innate ideas really exist? Descartes does not put experiences to his philosophy like the other philosophers, Bacon and Hobbes. He believes thatRead MoreDescartes and HisThoughts Regarding Dreams Vs Reality731 Words   |  3 PagesIn first mediation Descartes ponders on the idea of what is real and what is a dream; he concludes that anything thing he can doubt is false and therefor a dream. After establishing the existence of the dream world he tries to figure out who is responsible for tricking him into this false world. 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Computer Science - Actor Network Theory

Question: Describe about the Computer Science - Actor Network Theory? Answer: Introduction In this modern computing society, every actant is dependent and dominated by other actants and their activities are co-related to each other that help to fulfill the aims and objectives of the assemblage (Schreurs et al. 2013). This particular assignment focuses on two recent computing stories through which concept of actor-network theory can be explained in details by categorizing the actors and network. However, sometimes queries of customers become unanswered due to proper customer service support (Mpazanje, Sewchurran and Brown 2013). Therefore, the collaborations of Twitter with the management of Apple Company help to implant proper IT support system that is considered as software actant to serve their twitter account holder customers via online communication methods. Actor Network Theory: Idea and Concept Concepts of actor-network theory deal with human-machine interactions, and this relationship has evolved the advancement of modern computing greatly. The computing stories analyzed with the concepts of ANT and its helps to identify the actors and network system. Input-Process-Output While talking about the input, process and output model in actor network theory, information input and resources are considered as the major input parameters. At the same time, planning process and planning output within the organizational context will explore the motivations and actions of actors who form elements, linked by associations. Acts on Humans It has seen that in Actor network theory, both human and nonhuman actors are equally treated. This normally described by the principle of generalized symmetry. Both human as well as non human actors are denoted as actants and they provide the shape towards the network by the virtue of their association (Mpazanje, Sewchurran and Brown 2013). Acts on the material environment According to the concept of actor network theory, it demonstrates the interrelation between material and human factors. While human actors represents the material actants, it also explore how these material environment interacts with other actants exists in the network. Acts cultures and structures Considering the actor network theory, it has seen that there are three broad aspects involved in it: actor world, translation and actor network. The term actor world represents the entities, their role, and respective size. While talking about translation, it has seen that this will consider actor culture, actor structure, Problematization, Interessement, Enrollment, and Mobilization. Figure 1: Actor Network Theory (Source: Ruppert, Law and Savage 2013, p 26) Analysis Using of Actor Network Theory (Application Computing News Story 1: Fake Profiles over Social Media Platforms While talking about this computing story, it has become apparent that in this growing technical world, everyone shares everything on the social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and many others. As these events increased day by day, criminal offenses also increased parallel to this. According to Bijker (2012), online platforms are built to develop social and cultural communication, not for these bullshit things. Actor-network theory is also known as sociology of translation or enrollment theory, introduced by Bruno Latour, John Law and Michel Callon in mid-1980s (Bechmann and Lomborg 2013). It is the conceptual framework to explore collective processes by concentrating on the technical and science activities. This theoretical framework is used as guidelines and interpretations of processes to examine the network activities and features. Analyzing on the Case of Culture By analyzing the interactions and interrelationship between the fake profiles in these social media platforms from actor-network theory perspectives, victims are considered as actants, technical security in the social media sites are considered as software actants, and the social media platform is the network (Hughes et al. 2012). Views of different critics and theorists have been adopted to analyze the pros and cons of contemporary computing and Actor Network Theory based debate. However, information and data can be hacked due to the absence of proper security mechanisms. The social media platforms is a broad network channel and involves some amazing features which can be used on the Facebook. Over Facebook, everyone can create an individual account by providing some basic information such as names, address, date of birth and many other things (Pinch et al. 2012). In order to make own identity people put a picture on their profiles and then make a friends circle with close family members and friends. Also, sometimes people forgot to maintain their privacy and share many confidential things over the internet with unknown persons (Douglas et al. 2012). Knowledge Scale The privacy settings of these social media platforms such as firewall web application, encryption, and decryption module are considered as software actants, in this case, is used to the main authenticity of one's identity and his or her personal stuff (Coolhackingtrick.com. 2016). However, the technical actants or software actants mean security settings of the social platform by damaging those and by using some hacking websites such as GETFBHACK.com and the programs of this application, attackers hack the password of the Facebook within one day. They also use Hack Fbook Password, where after entering the id of the victim, the password can be easily traced out (ITV News. 2016). Based on the actor-network theory, these entities are interrelated, and their relationships involve the different actors within a social media platform called as the single network. By analyzing the two computing stories some of the largest issues have come in front of the modern society. According to their guidelines, whoever will try to make fake profiles harass other people have to face challenges and will be punished seriously under criminal justice, and courts act 2015 (Mpazanje, Sewchurran and Brown 2013). Computing News Story 2: Apple Features are Available on Twitter The concept of actants is used to quantify the relationships between the human factors and materials of a process. The network is the integration of semiotic environments and materials of the system and conveys the ideas of the actors' influences. By introducing new iPhones on the market, people have so much interest to buy those amazing gadgets. However, as these advanced phones have so much complex features, customers have many problems to operate these devices (AdWeek. 2016). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the apple authorities to serve those customers by answering their queries. Apple is one of the top leading telecommunication industries of this world and has no such physical outlets everywhere (Business Insider. 2016). Therefore, in order to serve customer services, this organization has taken the initiatives to reach to their customers through online platform Twitter. The attackers make fake accounts with false information of the person they want to attack and post emb arrassing things on their profiles (The Huffington Post UK. 2016). From some recent cases, it has been come to front those girls' photos or videos are shared on the pornographic sites without their concern (ITV News. 2016). These incidents are the greatest curse of those girls' lives and due to these, some of them also tried to commit suicide. Analyzing on the Scale of Culture In order to protect oneself from online offenses and crimes, proper use of the technical security applications of social media platforms can help a lot to get harassed or embarrassed on the societal world and over the internet (De Laat et al.2013). The firewall and encryption technique present in the security protocol can filter and block the HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) from web application by controlling its input-output access. After considering the relationships of apple support and Twitter accounts, Twitter account holders are considered as the actants and the apple support channel is considered as the network. By the use of the Twitter account, registered users can read and send short messages (140 characters) which are also known as tweets, however, unregistered users can use this only to read messages (Venturini 2012). Knowledge Scale Apple has made the account on Twitter as @AppleSupport, and their support team responds to the customers' queries by directing the users to the web pages to resolve their issues. This chain support system also reaches to the customers via direct messaging applications (Wired UK. 2016). Apple has enough resources to manage the large volume of customers and their requests over the twitter channel. The IT support system has been considered as software actant where each of its components has owned significances to enhance the managerial functions of the entire network system (AdWeek. 2016). Therefore, authorities of Apple organization use this tool for their customer service, which is a greater benefit for the Twitter account holders (Schreurs et al.2013). Customers also get the tips regarding their new products and services. Most of the queries have come related to the IOS, Apple music store, and Safari browser and by the support of the Twitter account; they answered to the questions ve ry well and obtained greater customer satisfactions. Enhancement Management In the first case, technical security of social media platform has been considered as software actants and theses actants can significantly enhance the managerial functions of computing stories (Ferguson et al. 2013). This firewall web application inspects every data packet inside the network and protects it from various malware and unauthorized access (Buckingham Shum et al. 2013). The organization created it twitter account named as @AppleSupport, where they provide tutorial and tips for its Twitter followers and after launching this, by the next day it has replied to 500 queries and achieved more than 45,000 twitter followers toward their service (Business Insider. 2016). The database management system maintains data quality by restricting the unauthorized access, limits the access to protect confidential information and enforce proper security during the network operations (Kapko 2016). The customer relationship management helps the Apple supporters to provide bets quality servic e regarding the queries of the customers who hold Twitter accounts. Contemporary Debate (Issues) Actor-network theory is used as the reflection of modern computing society. This section is highlighted to describe the advantages and disadvantages contemporary computing in the aspect of actor-network theory. From the knowledge and information perspective, Parasie and Dagiral (2012) stated that contemporary accounting helps to provide suitable information and data to streamline the entire business operations. Conclusion From this assignment, it can be concluded that, every actant of computing stories are impacted by other actants to achieve the aim of assemblage. The two special stories which have discussed for this particular assignment have different hardware and software actants, which are interrelated to each other. While talking about the fake profiles over the social media, the failure of technical security to be considered as software actants that cannot protect victims' lives from unauthorized and fake users. However, in the second case management authority of Apple organization tried to reach to their customers through the support of Twitter accounts. Therefore, in both the cases, actor-network theory covers all the aspects of human phenomenon to no human activities References AdWeek. 2016.Apple Finally Joins Twitter With an Eye Toward Socializing Its Customer Service. [online] Available at: https://www.adweek.com/news/technology/apple-finally-joins-twitter-eye-toward-socializing-its-customer-service-169979 [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Bechmann, A. and Lomborg, S., 2013. Mapping actor roles in social media: Different perspectives on value creation in theories of user participation.New media society,15(5), pp.765-781. Bijker, W.E., Hughes, T.P., Pinch, T. and Douglas, D.G., 2012.The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology. MIT press. Business Insider. 2016.Apple's new Twitter account has already helped thousands of users in its first day. [online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Apples-new-Twitter-account-has-already-helped-thousands-of-users-in-its-first-day/articleshow/51260322.cms [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Coolhackingtrick.com. 2016.Hacking Someone's Facebook Password Using Some Software Or Website? No Sir You Can't! | Cool Hacking Tricks. [online] Available at: https://www.coolhackingtrick.com/2014/02/facebook-hacking-website-truth.html [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. ITV News. 2016.'Fake profile' online trolls can now face criminal charges. [online] Available at: https://www.itv.com/news/2016-03-03/fake-profile-online-trolls-can-now-face-criminal-charges/ [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Kapko, M. 2016.Apple launches new @AppleSupport channel on Twitter. [online] CIO. Available at: https://www.cio.com/article/3040863/tech-support/apple-launches-new-applesupport-channel-on-twitter.html [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Mpazanje, F., Sewchurran, K. and Brown, I., 2013. Rethinking Information Systems Projects using Actor-Network TheoryPerspectives from a Developing Country.The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries,58. Parasie, S. and Dagiral, E., 2012. Data-driven journalism and the public good:Computer-assisted-reporters and programmer-journalists in Chicago.New Media Society, p.1461444812463345. Ruppert, E., Law, J. and Savage, M., 2013. Reassembling social science methods: The challenge of digital devices.Theory, Culture Society,30(4), pp.22-46. Schreurs, B., Teplovs, C., Ferguson, R., De Laat, M. and Buckingham Shum, S., 2013, April. Visualizing social learning ties by type and topic: Rationale and concept demonstrator. InProceedings of the Third International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge(pp. 33-37). ACM. The Huffington Post UK. 2016.This Big Part Of Online Trolling Is About To Become Illegal. [online] Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2016/03/03/internet-trolls-fake-profiles-humiliate-people-criminal-charges-cps_n_9371548.html [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Venturini, T., 2012. Building on faults: how to represent controversies with digital methods.Public Understanding of Science,21(7), pp.796-812. Wired UK. 2016.Apple Support is now available on Twitter (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2016-03/03/apple-support-twitter-customer-support [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016]. Wired UK. 2016.Trolls who use fake profiles will face prosecution (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2016-03/03/trolls-criminal-prosecution-facebook-twitter [Accessed 11 Mar. 2016].

AIDS And STD Education Essays - Sexual Health, Prevention Of HIVAIDS

AIDS and STD Education Adults (over the age of 18) from the _________ company and other peope who I know were randomly assigned to receive the survey. The group includes married males and females as well as single male and females. There are 19 female and 31 male subjects. A survey consisting of twenty statements concerning sexually transmitted disease and HIV infection. The survey was designed by myself . The purpose of the survey is to measure participants awareness of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. I am trying to show that people are not well informed about subjects such as condom use, condom use and alcohol, transmission of sexual diseases, and the magnitude of the AIDS problem. Subjects are asked to choose the level with which they agree or disagree with each statement. There are two levels of agreement and two levels of disagreement. See appendix A. A consent form was signed by all participants. See appendix B. Results t-test*: t (48) = -2.2185, p * .0313 | | | df cv pv Variable N Mean Std Dev. Minimum Maximum Q1 50 1.420 0 .810 1.00 4.00 Q10 49 1.408 0.810 1.00 4.00 Q15 50 1.320 0 .621 1.00 4.00 Q3 48 3.396 0.869 1.00 4.00 Q9 50 3.240 0.822 1.00 4.00 Q6 50 3.220 0.834 1.00 4.00 Q16 50 3.100 0.621 1.00 4.00 Methods Subjects Adults (over the age of 18) from the company and other people who I know were randomly assigned to receive the survey. The group includes married males and females as well as single male and females. There are 19 female and 21 male subjects. Ages ranged from late teens to early fifties, with the majority being in their twenties. Independent variable Questions 6, 9, 13, and 16 on the survey. I would be comfortable eating lunch with someone with HIV or AIDS. I would be comfortable shaking hands with someone who has AIDS. I am very well informed about HIV, AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. I would not have unprotected sex with someone unless they got tested first. Dependent Variable. Awareness and education of AIDS and sexually transmitted disease. Operational Definition Awareness and education of AIDS and sexually transmitted disease equals a total score of 12 or higher on questions 6, 9, 13, and 16 of the survey. Procedures A survey consisting of twenty statements concerning sexually transmitted disease and AIDS was given to fifty subjects. A t test was performed on the results as well as a comparison of male vs. Female scores on the Awareness and Education variable. Discussion Results of the survey have shown a need for additional education of males concerning AIDS awareness and education. Females, (89%) did very well on the variable which was measured for satisfactory knowledge and awareness of AIDS and sexually transmitted disease. Males, (65%) did also score well on this variable. This leaves us with 35% of the males needing more education and 11% of the females needing to increase there awareness and education. The rather large number of males needing further education tend to support my hypotheses that yes more education is necessary. I was pleased to see that on the whole, people are better informed than I had originally hypothesized as demonstrated by the scores reported for specific question. The lowest score or strongest disagreement was on the statement that AIDS was no longer a big issue. People also realize that just having one sex partner at a time is not enough to protect you from AIDS as demonstrated by their response to number 10. The strongest agreement with statements on the survey concerned worrying about children's future. This being the case, why is it that behavior as is described in my research does not reflect this knowledge? People know what they need to do to reduce their chances of exposure to AIDS and sexually transmitted disease but they fail to do it. The research concentrated on students who are exposed to much more information about AIDS than adults who are out of the educational system. Further education about the dangers of unprotected sex is needed as the study suggest, but we also need to understand why education is not enough. We desperately need to develop behaviors which will protect us from sexually transmitted disease and AIDS. Education Needed for AIDS, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health concern for our country. With the spread of AIDS among so many people, both gay and heterosexual, it is important that we understand how these diseases spread and what we can do to prevent them. Continuing efforts to educate college students about the dangers of unprotected sex have resulted in little evidence of positive change in sexual behavior (Saywer & Moss, 93). During the 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection,

Determinants of Demand essays

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See instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

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HR Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Proposal - Essay Example According to Yousef (2004), the Middle Eastern countries have the lowest levels of social and economic development in the world. The population in this region is approximately 313 million with a GDP of $732 billion (Yousef, 2004). Unemployment rate in Middle East is 15% which is among the highest rates globally (Yousef, 2004). This includes women rate of unemployment which is higher than the males. The role played by the women in the Middle East workforce is very little but very crucial. As more and more women enter the workforce, it is encouraging for the new generation women to take education which was once thought as an unnecessary thing (Ross, 2008). As women participate in the workplace, it open ups the view that they can earn their own income and thus contribute to the household besides the traditional household duties. For this reason, many Middle Eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia and UAE are increasing the women percentage in the workplace by expanding the jobs available to them. Most of the employment sectors heavily populated by women are education and health care (Rubin, 2007). According to a census in 2000, the women workforce occupied 74% of primary school, 54% of secondary school and a certain percentage of them were involved as police officers, military officers and taxi drivers (Rubin, 2007). The role of women in the workplace in Middle East is increasing especially in countries such as Egypt, Bahrain, Lebanon, Morocco and Kuwait as the governments are trying to provide better facilities to increase female participation. Female entrepreneurs are increasing rapidly. Many firms are operated by females in the aforementioned regions which are well-established, technologically advanced, productive and comparable to the male-owned firms not just regionally but globally (Ghimire, 2006). Most of these firms, according to Ghimire (2006), are 1.7 times more productive as compared to those owned and run by men. For example, a B2B trading

Managing Information Essay Example for Free

Managing Information Essay Introduction With nearly 40 years’ experience has seen the industry change many times, and has always kept itself at the forefront of that change. Its reputation is a source of pride for all who work here, and it’s something we’re keen to preserve and develop the only way possible: through satisfying our clients. We have developed into a leading multidisciplinary contractor offering a truly comprehensive, integrated service to clients in development, construction, energy and many other sectors. (See appendix 1 for Organisational chart’s of company) My job role within the organisation is quiet a varied one in that my day to day activities are never quite the same, but to summarise my main duties include submitting monthly applications in line with the various contracts worked on for example NEC and JCT to name but a few, attending site progress meetings with a range of clients from the commercial / technical and construction departments, submitting internal applications and working progress, attending internal financial meetings with the Financial Director / Demolition Director and Management Accountant and producing a report with the inclusion of monthly forecasts, attending meetings with Contracts Managers and Estimating director to discuss and produce budget and target sheets, completion of contract sum analysis and end life forecasts which are then discussed and agreed by the Demolition Director, overseeing a wide variety of sub contractors from different construction disciplines used which requires the need to send out tend er packages, raising and awarding sub contract orders, raising of sub contract payments after assessing applications received. All the above assists in the monitoring of various contracts and ensures projects are delivered on time within budget and the client receives maximum satisfaction to secure future work opportunities. 1.0 Understand the Management of Information within the organisation 1.1 Critically assess information flow through a number of different channels within the organisation Throughout the organisation there is various different types of information used which is transferred throughout the organisation in several capacities. Information generally described as below: Production and Operational – Information on assets / quality / standards Financial Information – Profit / Costs / Margins / Cash Flow / Targets Internal Documentation – Purchase Orders / Delivery Notes / Invoices Applications / Credit Notes / Departmental reports / Department Meetings and minutes / Hire Sheets / Plant Sheets and Information / Allocation Sheets and Plant Returns / Employees Records / Cost Books Tender Information / Applications and Invoices (Client) All the above is aided with an Integrated Management System ‘This Integrated Management System outlines how Cuddy plans to satisfy the: Quality requirement of ISO9001:2008 (Quality Management System Specification) Health safety requirements of OHSAS18001:2007 (Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series 18001) Environmental requirements of ISO14001:2004 (Environmental Management Systems Specification) by operating a framework based on these requirements This Integrated Management System is intended to directly meet the requirements of the following legislation and regulations: Health Safety at Work Act 1974 – Section 2(3) requires organisations to have a Health Safety policy which should include: Statement of Intent (i.e. Health Safety mission) Organisation (i.e. structure, roles responsibilities) Arrangements (i.e. procedure and guidance) Management of Health Safety at Work Regulations 1999 – Regulation 5 requires organisations to have arrangements for undertaking effective planning, organisation, control, monitoring and review of the preventive and protective health and safety measures. HSG65 Successful Health Safety Management – This guidance outlines the management system requirements for implementing the arrangements required within regulation 5 of the Management of Health and Safety Work Regulations 1999. This Integrated Management System will provide the mechanism for managing other legislative, regulatory and other policy requirements (e.g. risk assessment, training, etc).’ Above abstract taken from Cuddy To be read alongside the IMS as an aid is the following: Standard procedures Forms and Guidance Notes Standard Operating Procedures Certificates, Insurances, Licences Policy Statements Standard COSHH and Risk Assessments As touched on there are various different ways in which the information is transferred throughout the organisation with the use of electronic, hard copy and spoken for the various types, all this aids us to capture the different types of hard and soft information we need in order to ensure a project is a successful one. ‘Soft information includes feelings, perceptions, opinions; values on the other hand hard information includes verifiable data and knowledge.’ http://onemind.com/2010/03/07/hard-and-soft-information/ I have touched on how information is transferred internally and specifically in the office and from a manager’s point of view through various different capacities but haven’t gone into depth how information is transferred to the boys on the front line on site. As I currently see it within the company there is clear breakdown in communication from when we tender and win a job to what information is received on site and in particular how the site personnel are managed on that specific job In relation to what exactly we priced. This I believe is impacting on the duration we are taking to complete the job and impacting on the possibility of making the job as successful as possible, also this may have a negative effect on the company as whole whilst tendering for works in the future. As part of the IMS there are procedures in place (listed below), but neither allows for the manner and information to be transferred to site. To summarise from the information that is transferred needs to be clear, simple and set out in the way in which the site supervisor understands what is required in order to ensure the project is successful. Place for Enquiry, tender and contract review Project Delivery As a brief understanding in reference to specifically the Demolition Department we have an estimating director who will visit the sites which require pricing and produce a cost book document which is passed to the  demolition director and managing director for comment before submitting what they believe to be our most competitive tender and or bid. If we are lucky enough to be successful in winning that specific job the cost book along with the tender information will be passed to the relevant contracts manager and quantity surveyor in order to generate a budget / target sheet and an extent of works sheet. This is when the middle managers have the opportunity to raise any queries regarding the job with the estimating director or the demolition director on what exactly has been allowed and priced for. The next step in the current process is for the tender information to be copied and a site file produced and passed to the supervisor in order to carry out the works. The cost book, target / budget sheet is not passed onto site and this is just for reference between the middle managers and directors of the company for the protection of vital information. Therefore I propose we come up with a procedure that will allow the smooth transfer of information to site and give a clear indication of what exactly has been allowed in the tender. In setting this procedure I hope to bridge the gap between site and the information held at the office, and in doing so hold regular meetings with agendas, minutes disturbed. 1.2 Propose improvements to the flow of information within your area of responsibility, based on your organisational assessment Due to my job role being one in which I try to minimise cost and enhance value you for money, I believe in setting clear and simple targets to the Supervisors on site this will empower them and give them incentives and a clear understanding on what needs to be achieved in order to ensure the job awarded becomes a successful and profitable one. As mentioned previously in the current situation the Supervisors are given the tender information and briefly explained the job but in some senses are left to run the job with open ended targets and no clear sense of direction or management, this is turn is causing jobs to run over and us not maximising profitability. Currently the transfer of information from tender stage stops at the middle managers point. The reasons being for this is due to confidentiality of the information contained within the cost book and target / budget sheet and as managers there is information we do not want the site operatives to see. Therefore the first action in the procedure would be to hold a pre start meeting or  initial meeting or the like on site with the following being in attendance. The reason I have listed the below as typically they will be deciding factor on how well a job goes: Relevant Contracts Manager Relevant Quantity Surveyor Relevant Site Supervisor Within this meeting the job as a whole would be discussed briefly only. In demolition for example it is possible to break a general job up into the following categories: Site set up Asbestos Removal Soft Strip Demolition to top of slab Removal of slabs and foundations Crush material Clear Site As you can see from above generally there are a few different categories of work required to be carried out on a typical demolition job. Therefore I believe we should not choose to discuss the whole job in detail but targets given for each individual work activity only, as if we discuss the job in detail this may cause the supervisor to go into his / her shell and be intimidated before the job has even commenced. Therefore within this procedure it will be broken down into the specific work activities and depending on the size of the job these work activates could even be broken up into phases if need be. For example in the first pre start meeting or initial meeting the general site set up would be discussed and particular what is required in respect of cabins / welfare / heras fencing to name a few items and the location of where we intend to site up site. As it currently stands the contracts manager usually sets up the site but I believe if we have the supervisor on board early doors and allow him to have an input of the set up required / location this will give him a sense of pride and authority that he is in charge of the site. What site set up that’s required usually depends on the size of the site but typically this usually takes a week or longer and under current HS and CDM Regulations 2007 no works are to commence unless the following are in place: Flushing toilets and running water and drainage systems. Washing Facilities with hot and cold water. Soap or other suitable means of cleaning. Towels or other suitable means of drying. Sufficient ventilation and lighting. Sinks large enough to wash face, hands and forearms. Drinking Water. Changing rooms and lockers. Rest Facilities and heating. After initial site set up has been completed another progress meeting will be held on site with a specific target laid out for the work activity in question. Generally on a demolition site Asbestos Removal usually has to take place before we can commence soft strip depending on what type of asbestos and in line with the specific site asbestos report in place. But for example if we take the job as a linear project and the soft strip cannot commence until after the asbestos, then within this meeting we discuss in length the asbestos removal and set a clear target with the input from the supervisor. Typical of example of this target could be again depending on size of the site but take for arguments sake we take it as the site is split up into 5 phases. Phase 1 -10 Men x 6 Weeks Phase 2-5 Men x 3 Weeks Phase 3 -8 Men x 5 Weeks Phase 4 -8 Men x 2 Weeks Phase 5 -6 Men x 6 Weeks The groundwork will put in by the middle managers to ensure the target above is in line with the cost book and or target / budget sheet, and in line with this procedure it will attempt to set it out as basic as possible in order to attempt to take as much pressure off as possible. Weekly progress meeting will be held after the initial meeting in order to reflect on the previous week’s activity. Within this meeting it will be an opportunity for the supervisor to assess his performance and the performance of his team on site, in doing so will be a self appraisal tool for the supervisor without knowing. It will also give the middle managers an update of current position in respect of the targets set out and give an opportunity to amend or change  anything that is not quiet working correctly and keep the things that are. The meetings will continue on a weekly basis with clear targets and open and frank discussions with input from all parties to create a sense of a team as I beli eve this will help with the running of the job. Constant communication will be held throughout on a daily basis to ensure all parties are aware of constant ongoing on site. When works have been completed the final action in the procedure would be to have a post contract meeting again with all parties where all the information is discussed /analysed / targets reviewed and the like. This will be handy in going forward and used as a tool to gather date / information. This information could be fed back to the estimating director and demolition director in order to have the full circle should a similar job arise in the future. The above will be written out in a clear procedure therefore should someone leave the company, or the job being transferred to someone else then everyone will be aware what is required of them. See Appendix 4 for proposed new Procedure By putting in place the above procedure it will aid with spoken, electronic and hard information and the transfer of. Spoken – Due to the nature of the procedure it encourages the daily dialogue between managers and the site supervisors. Hard Copies – Agendas and Minutes will be taken of all meetings taken placed, which will be updated electronically and distributed accordingly. Electronic – Targets will be collated and circulated, along with copy of the minutes. 2.0 Gather and Analyse information to make decisions to solve problems in your area of responsibility 2.1 Collect information from a wide range of sources to support management decision-making Site Managers / Supervisors Verbal examples from site managers / supervisors stating that the lack of information in respect of the scope / tender inclusions is having a negative impact on the overall performance of our jobs. As mentioned this is transferred verbally therefore we will have to take into account of its reliability and validity. As mentioned previously there is a clear breakdown in the flow of information  from when we price and win a job to the information passed onto site and the management of that information in order to make the job as successful as possible. This is readily backed up from verbal conversations with the site supervisors themselves who are unsure of what the extents of works are and the possible impact this is having on the duration of the projects? Specifically within the Construction Industry as a manager the below is at the forefront of every decision we make. The triangle illustrates the relationship between three primary forces in a project. Time is the available time to deliver the project, cost represents the amount of money or resources available and quality represents the fit-to-purpose that the project must achieve to be a success. http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/project-management-scope-triangle.html But ultimately the decisions we make from site level up the chain to the managing directors determine the outcome. Below is evidence that everyone makes decisions. Above it shows the impact and importance of decisions with regards to the Cuddy Group it is possible to split the three groups up into the following: High Value -Managing Directors and Directors Medium Value-Middle Managers e.g. Contracts Managers and Quantity Surveyors Low Value-Site Managers and Site Personnel Quiet often when making a decision we use past knowledge in order to aid and assist us. Past knowledge or the information that is generally contained within the brains of individuals is generally known as tacit knowledge. This knowledge is continually getting updated and revised depending on learning, experiences and insight. There are various different types of knowledge and this is summarised in various models. One of the widely accepted approaches to summarising knowledge management is the Nonaka Takeushi, (see appendix 9 for web location) Below are a couple of diagrams showing the matrix. Nonaka Takeuchi model the process of organisational knowledge creation as a spiral in which knowledge is amplified through these four modes of knowledge  conversion. Quote taken from class notes. Along with the specific project management matrix / flow and knowledge diagrams there is general management information available that will aid in decision making see below. Reliability and Validity Model (see appendix 9 for web location) Knowledge Classifications Model (see appendix 9 for web location) Good decisions make good projects, so what makes a good decision (and, hence, a good project)? The answer is, one that’s well planned. But then you run into the question of how long the decision-making process should take. Well, the last thing we need is a new formal methodology for decision-making—nothing would ever get done. Thats why Id like to propose several useful rules you can apply to decision-making: Consider the importance of the decision. To determine the importance of a decision, ask yourself: What are the consequences for both the project and for you? In reality, how urgent is the decision? (Note that theres a difference between important and urgent.) Ask yourself if there are more options. In other words, if youre choosing between three options, ask yourself if theres also a fourth option. Think about stakeholders opinions. Have you listened to the opinions of stakeholders in the decision? You should. Even though they may not like your ultimate decision, theyll have to live with it. Concede the fact that youre going to make some irrational decisions. We often make decisions almost by reflex, using a combination of experience, data analysis, gut feelings, fear, personal preference, and peer pressure. I’m not saying that you shouldn’t take into account your sense of self-preservation, the views of your team, or your recollections about why a previous project caused you grief. You just need to be aware that each new situation demands a clear point of view and a fresh decision; otherwise, the same mistakes will recur. Remember that even some small choices can have big consequences. Don’t underestimate the possibility that major consequences could result from seemingly insignificant choices you make along the way.  http://www.techrepublic.com/article/decisions-decisions-make-them-timely-wisely-and-responsibly/1049740 Along with the information above collated from the web I have also read the following text books / Management books. NLP Pocketbook (see appendix 10) Engaging Employees, A practical guide for busy leaders managers (see appendix 10) Both books aid management and in particular with decision making. In respect of the NLP Pocketbook it produmitaly focus on yourself and your actions, It works on a SMART goal setting strategy. SMART goal setting is Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic and within a defined Time Frame. SSpecific and positive M Measurable and meaningful to you AAchievable and covering all areas of your life, stated in the present tense as if you have achieved it now RRealistic and right for you  TTimes and targeted, towards what you want. In addition to SMART goal setting, NLP incorporates a process called ‘creating a well-formed outcome. Creating a well-formed outcome involves asking a series of questions that will help you clarify your goal. They will help you to ascertain how important the goal is to you, how (if necessary) to revise it and make it more achievable. Well –formed outcome questions: Is the goal stated positively? What do you want? (Eg, wanting to increase company profits rather than a statement about reducing the loss) Can you start and maintain the process of achieving the goal by yourself, and keep it in your control? Does the goal include all the senses? How will you know you have achieved it? What will you feel, see and hear when you have achieved it? What will other people fee, see and say when you have achieved it? Is the context clearly defined? How long will it take? Who will be involved? Where will it take place? How will it be achieved? When do you want it? Have you checked that it is ecological or meaningful for you, ie is it worth the investment in time and money? Does the outcome fit in with your life and who you are? Does the goal keep those aspects of the present situation you want to preserve, ie are there positive elements you wish to maintain? Does it identify the resources you need – those you already have  or those you need to acquir e? What first step must you take? What are the next steps? Abstract directly taken from the NLP Pockebook. But in contrast to the above the Engaging Employees, A practical guide for busy leaders managers text book focuses predominately on how to get the best out of your team. See contents page taken from the text book to back this up. Is starts with you Planning to communicate Understanding your audience Engaging people in change Face to face matters Team meetings; getting it together High Impact presentations Checking you’re getting through Effective email – at last The write stuff. 2.2 Analyse the information collected from a wide variety of sources, to inform decision-making Project Management Models When project managing a job in construction there are various different types of models that we are able to follow some of which I have given examples of but ultimately the primary focus specifically within the construction industry is the triangle between the three primary forces. Delivering the job on time, within budget to a high standard. Decision making model With the triangle in mind we all have to make decisions of variable impact and volume as is set out in the decision making model. With this in mind managing information and the decisions we make are key. ‘By not making a decision you’re making a decision to not make a decision’ taken from the ILM class notes. The decisions we make as a business ultimately determines how successful the outcome is, and in particular the flow of information within the company to aid our decision making is critical. Therefore before we make  any decisions we have to take into account the impact of the decisions we are making. Nonaka takeuchi model When making a decision we usually take into account past experiences / doing otherwise defined as Tacit Knowledge. Under the Nonaka Takeuchi model it explains the relationship and how we can turn Tacit Knowledge into Explicit knowledge which can be readily transmitted to others. Most common forms of explicit knowledge are manual, documents and procedures in our organisation we can relate to the ILM system and the various procedures in place. Please see below which makes good reading. The patent had attempted to be bought by a buyer in other words the tacit knowledge had attempted to be turned into explicit knowledge but due to it possibly not being documented correctly or the manner in which it was presented not being explained correctly it failed. Therefore the tacit knowledge that had been turned into explicit knowledge was little or no use to the buyer. We must bare this in mind if we are relying too heavily on explicit knowledge and in particular how reliable the knowledge is? In the same sense it’s possible to categorise Wikipedia as explicit knowledge but we have to take into account the source and what past experience or where the information originated from before using it to make a decision. ‘Bessemer steel process — Bessemer sold a patent for his advanced steel making process and was sued by the purchasers who couldnt get it to work. In the end Bessemer set up his own steel company because he knew how to do it, even though he could not convey it to his patent users. Bessemers company became one of the largest in the world and changed the face of steel making.[15]’ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacit_knowledge Measuring Validity and Reliability model When gathering information to make a decision we must take in the validity and reliability of what we looking to achieve. Especially within the construction industry there is specific ways in which to measure or calculate something and this can be best described as the below. Reliability Reliability refers to how consistent a measuring device is. A measurement is said to be reliable or consistent if the measurement can produce similar  results if used again in similar circumstances. For example, if a speedometer gave the same readings at the same speed it would be reliable. If it didnt it would be pretty useless and unreliable. Importantly reliability of self-report measures, such as psychometric tests and questionnaires can be assessed using the split half method. This involves splitting a test into two and having the same participant doing both halves of the test. If the two halves of the test provide similar results this would suggest that the test has internal reliability. http://www.holah.karoo.net/reliabilityandvalidity.htm In respect of validity this refers to the extent of what we are measuring and what we hope to measure. Validity This refers to whether a study measures or examines what it claims to measure or examine. Questionnaires are said to often lack validity for a number of reasons. Participants may lie; give answers that are desired and so on. It is argued that qualitative data is more valid than quantitative data. http://www.holah.karoo.net/reliabilityandvalidity.htm Both the reliability and validity have categories in themselves in which we can use to measure if they are achieving what we set out to achieve. To summarise we need to be mindful if we are using specific data or gathered information if it’s reliable and valid in terms of what we are hoping to achieve and fit for purpose. Information to Knowledge Management With respect of the next model it gives us an insight of how the ever evolving computer industry and in particular the capacity to store and distribute data / information is enabling personnel learning and also the capacity to make correct decision in going forward. Given an example that is relevant to the Cuddy group is the below. We are able to save / store and distribute raw facts and figures on a particular job and in doing so we are able to see if a job was successful in respect of profit? We then can move  on to give meaning to the obtained data in respect of information and give reasons why that job was successful? We then can analyse the derived information and understand what we did well on that job. This will then give us the wisdom going forward to know what to do for the best on other jobs. As mentioned evolving technology is aiding us with the transfer and storing of this information and aiding us with the capability of personnel learning. There are various examples and models that differ slightly some of which I have given examples but all cover the above. General Management Tools As the assignment is targeted at middle managers I have looked into the impact that decisions have and what to consider before making decisions? As a rule the following applies: Consider the importance of the decision Ask yourself if there are more options Think about stakeholders opinions Concede you’re going to make some irrational decisions Remember that even small choice have big consequences I also looked into how SMART goal setting and how to engage with employees. 2.3 Use this analysis of information to make and justify a management decision Using the analysis and the information collated along with the procedure I believe this will better the flow of information throughout the company. The triangle The procedure will aid with delivering the job on time within budget and to a high standard. Delivering the job on time – By having weekly meetings on site and the constant daily dialogue this should enable any problems to be caught at an early stage and thus giving time to nip in the bud the potential to impact on progress and in particular the end date which quiet often is key to a job being a successful one from a clients point of view. Within Budget – Due to the procedure allowing for a review of the target v actual on a weekly basis this will enable weekly monitoring of the budget to ensure everything is on track, atm there if only an allowance of monthly reporting and it’s possible for any job to change dramatically from month to month. High Standard – Again as the procedure allows for the contracts  manager / quantity surveyor to visit site at least once a week with the supervisor having chance to put his / hers views across together this should r aise standards. Decision making model In reference to the procedure this will reiterate the fact that everyone makes decisions especially as minutes will be keep, actions assigned and closed out as and when this occurs. Nonaka Takeuchi Model With the procedure in place it will allow for smoother transfer of tacit knowledge into Explicit Knowledge. This will be done by taking minutes; monitoring progress against targets and reporting this information back to directors / managing directors in order to have the full cycle. Validity and Reliability Under the procedure progress meetings will be held on site this will allow us to audit and monitor the reliability and the validity of the information we are being told by the site manager / supervisor. This will be used as a checking tool before information is transferred around the company to directors and managing directors alike. Knowledge Management With the procedure set in place where minutes are taken / targets are monitored it will allow for us to save / store and distribute raw facts. Also with the weekly minutes we will be to give meaning to the obtained data for example why we missed out specific targets? Why we bettered targets? From this then we can analyse the information and understand how and why? This will then enable us to make the correct decisions in going forward. Along with the analysing the above models and information, I have taking account of why from a managers point of view why the procedure in place will aid with the running of jobs on site and the transfer of information. With regards to the current situation of producing the cost book that is translated to a target / budget sheet, this information will be little or no use to the supervisor for a number of reasons listed below: Information Overload – Due to the nature of the document this may cause confusion in the way the document is set out, therefore as set out in the procedure by breaking things the whole job down into specific tasks this will more than  likely take the pressure off and give a clear understanding of what is required and expected off of them. This is likely to make them less intimated and more confident as if they are clear More hands on and practical – The academic level of a supervisor generally is not the same as what we would normally expect from a middle manager in that the cost book / target and budget sheet will not be fit for purpose if passed onto the supervisor, therefore the information should be broken down so it is easily understood. Team ethos – As it currently stands the information is passed to the supervisor with no clear direction and management give, therefore by employing the proposed procedure this will then bridge the gap and increase the we are in it together approach. Why will meetings be held face to face? Sense of Importance – By making the effort to travel to site, as typically our sites are all of the United Kingdom then this will instil into the supervisor the confidence he needs in that he got your support should he need it. Ability – may not be able to use the computer therefore face to face will enable supervisors to have an opportunity to contribute their input without feeling intimidated Sense of importance – By holding the meetings face to face this will enable them to feel like they got you in their corner and in doing so should create a clear divide from site operatives to supervisors. Meetings more personnel – Generally meetings face to face are more personnel and can be structured better with agendas / minutes and the like assisting Why will the supervisor in respect of the site operatives be the only site member to be part of the meeting? Clear level of management between site operatives / supervisors and middle managers – This will empower the site supervisors and in doing have a clear barrier between the site operatives and himself. Self Worth – It will also give the site supervisor the self worth and mutual respect between himself and the middle manager, hopefully this should increase productivity as he is likely to want to do more for the middle manager if he believes he has the respect. Respect earns respect! Company generally uses agency Labour – As touched on previously due to the company operating throughout the company there is the need to employ agency labour, by having weekly meetings with the supervisor in attendance again this is creating a clear structure. How the meetings should be conducted? Ability – plenty of discussions questions to ensure supervisor gets points you’re making. Allow supervisor to have their say and input – By asking questions this will allow supervisor to have their say and input. Informally rather than formally, don’t want supervisor to feel under spotlight – Due to the nature of the construction industry and especially on site it is rather informal, therefore if the meetings are held in the same manner this should enable the middle line managers to get the most out of the supervisors. From analysing the various different models and combining with general middle management responsibilities I believe the procedure I have put in place will significantly help with the transfer of information from site to board level alike. 3.0 Disseminate information on a management decision, through the right organisational channels 3.1 Communicate information to team member or other colleagues to meet business objectives, using appropriate organisational channels In reference to the procedure set up this should allow for the constant communication of how a specific job is performing from site level to the board of directors and in particular through the correct organisational channel. To elaborate on the above; Site Supervisors will have constant dialogue with middle managers on a daily basis, with a weekly progress held on site to discuss performance. Munities of the meeting with be typed up and performance analysed with knowledge added to explain how performance is operating? Are we going to hit our target? Be on time? Within budget? To name a few of the questions answered? This will then in turn be disrupted to the relevant director, finance director and the management accountant. This will then be discussed on weekly basis in the departmental weekly progress meeting, and the fortnightly Trading Review meeting with finance with the relevant directors. This in turn then can be reported back to the MD by the relevant directors when board level meeting happens. As you can see from the procedure put in place we will allow for the reporting from site to board of directors level to be on a weekly basis rather than a monthly as is currently in place, this in turn will give us every opportunity possible to achieve the best possible  outcome in respect of the construction triangle. Delivering the job on time, within budget to a high standard. 3.2 Communicate information to stakeholders or customers to meet business objectives In reference to the procedure as mentioned previously this will allow for the constant flow of information from site to managing directors (stakeholders) to be done on a weekly basis. In respect of customers or clients quiet the construction triangle is key, therefore by having weekly progress meetings this information will be able to be fed back to the client, giving them the confidence that we are putting their needs first ‘the customer is always right ethos’